Stimulation and pulse generators

Two physical paths.
One recorded experiment.

Electrical electrodes and magnetic coils return different kinds of input. Cerebro coordinates their session context while each output system owns its waveform, monitoring and controls.

Electrical / tES

tDCS, tACS and tRNS.

Direct current, alternating current and random-noise current are separate intervention families. The proposed station uses a dedicated, isolated and monitored apparatus with its own electrodes and limits.

EEG provides the state estimate in qualified measurement windows. After intervention, contact polarization and front-end recovery are checked before the next analysis window.

How stimulation relates to entrainment ↗
Magnetic / tCMS and TMS

The coil has its own
pulse generator.

The older notes used tCMS or TCMS for the magnetic branch, indexed here with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). A changing coil field induces an electric field; this is a different output path from tDCS.

A qualified external TMS system owns pulse generation, coil support, monitoring and cooling. Cerebro contributes session timing, geometry, isolated coordination and recording.

MEG and TMS need separate operating windows and possibly different physical configurations. Coil placement, field recovery and sensor relocking have to be verified.

The recovered waveform-generator work

One timing platform.
Distinct output heads.

The notes develop a programmable waveform instrument: combine characterized physical signal bases under a shared clock, measure the actual result, and account for the load. This is the link between the pulse-generator ideas and Cerebro's session architecture.

Shared control plane

Target description + clock + event record

Calibration and output monitoring close the instrument loop.

01

Precision / baseband

Low-level waveform generation and transducer characterization.

Defined bench output
02

RF / UWB

Carrier, pulse and transport experiments with a calibrated receiver.

Separate RF path
03

Isolated pulse head

Physical pulse bases evaluated at an instrumented electrical or coil load.

Bench characterization
Schematic waveform shapes, without time or amplitude scales. The heads share timing; their power and output connections stay distinct. Qualified TMS equipment remains the separate participant-facing magnetic system.

Physical pulse shapes

Pulse-forming lines and networks, resonant bursts and delayed signal bases provide a library of shapes to characterize.

Switching research

The earlier thyratron and triggered-gap sketches sit alongside semiconductor-cell concepts. Timing jitter, recovery and the load constrain what a source can reproduce.

Measured reconstruction

The controller works from measured transfer functions and independent output monitors. A target waveform and the waveform delivered at a load are separate records.

These are shared-instrument research families, not a selected human-use TMS circuit or a complete-system component budget.

What integration means

Coordinate the event.
Verify the response.

  1. 01

    Know the apparatus.

    Record the device, coil or electrode arrangement, geometry and allowed operating mode. Keep body-contact equipment distinct from bench-load instruments.

  2. 02

    Record actual output.

    Keep intended events, device status and independently measured output separate. The external system retains its own enable chain, stop controls and qualified operator interface.

  3. 03

    Qualify the next window.

    After output stops, test acquisition recovery, field conditions and sensor status. A clean-looking trace alone is insufficient to establish a usable neural measurement.

The station and chair have different roles.

The chair supplies support, a qualified mounting interface and isolated pose/fault status. Its status contacts do not generate pulses. Movement and massage are excluded during TMS; the external system owns coil cooling and positioning requirements.